Online Poker is the game of poker played over the Internet. It has
been partly responsible for a dramatic increase in the number of
poker players worldwide. Christiansen Capital Advisors stated
online poker revenues grew from $82.7 million in 2001 to $2.4
billion in 2005, while a survey carried out by DrKW and Global
Betting and Gaming Consultants asserted online poker revenues in
2004 were at $1.4bn.
Overview
Traditional (or "brick and mortar", B&M, live) venues for playing
poker, such as casinos and poker
rooms, may be intimidating for novice players and are often
located in geographically disparate locations. Also, brick and
mortar casinos are reluctant to promote poker because it is
difficult for them to profit from it. Though the rake, or time
charge, of traditional casinos is often high, the opportunity
costs of running a poker room are even higher. Brick and mortar
casinos often make much more money by removing poker rooms and
adding more slot machines.
Online venues may be more vulnerable to certain types of fraud,
especially collusion between players. However, they have collusion
detection abilities that do not exist in brick and mortar casinos.
For example, online poker room security employees can look at the
hand history of the cards previously played by any player on the
site, making patterns of behavior easier to detect than in a
casino where colluding players can simply fold their hands without
anyone ever knowing the strength of their holding. Online poker
rooms also check players' IP addresses in order to prevent players
at the same household or at known open proxy servers from playing
on the same tables.
Legality
From a legal perspective, online poker may differ in some ways
from online casino gambling. However, many of the same issues do
apply. For a discussion of the legality of online gambling in
general, see online gambling.
Online poker is legal and regulated in many countries including
several nations in and around the Caribbean Sea, and most notably
the United Kingdom.
In the United States, the North Dakota House of Representatives
passed a bill in February 2005 to legalize and regulate online
poker and online poker cardroom operators in the state. The
legislation required that online poker operations would have to
physically locate their entire operations in the state. Testifying
before the state Senate Judiciary committee, Nigel Payne, CEO of
Sportingbet and owner of Paradise Poker, pledged to relocate to
the state if the bill became law.
North Dakota Rep. Jim Kasper (R-Fargo), the author of the
legalization bill, has vowed to continue his efforts. He states
that he is "not putting away the idea of getting into Internet
gaming licenses in North Dakota" and that the "revenue we missed
is too great to pass up."
In response to this and other claims by the DOJ regarding the
legality of online poker, many of the major online poker sites
stopped advertising their "dot-com" sites in American media.
Instead, they created "dot-net" sites that are virtually identical
but offer no real money wagering. The sites advertise as poker
schools or ways to learn the game for free, and feature words to
the effect of "this is not a gambling website."
Later in the year a similar event happened in France, where
Norbert Teufelberger and Manfred Bodner, the CEO's of bwin, were
giving a press conference. The arrest was made due to offenses
against the French gambling laws.
The first method is to hold players' funds in their native
currencies and convert them only when players enter and leave
games. The main benefit of this method for players is to ensures
that bankrolls are not subject to exchange rate fluctuations
against their local currencies whilst they are not playing. Also,
most sites that use this method usually apply the same exchange
rate when player cashes out of a game as when he bought in,
ensuring that players do not expend significant sums simply by
entering and leaving games.
The other method is to require players to convert their funds when
depositing them. However, some sites that use this policy do
accept payments in a variety of currencies and convert funds at a
lower premium compared to what banks and credit card companies
would charge. Others only accept payment in U.S. dollars. One
benefit of this method is that a player who constantly "tops up"
his chip stack to a constant level (some poker rooms have an
optional feature that can perform this function automatically)
does not have to worry about rounding issues when topping up with
a nominal sum - these could add up over time.
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